Hedgehog Care Basics

Hedgehogs have become increasingly popular as pets in recent years, captivating owners with their adorable faces, spiky coats, and curious personalities. Owning a hedgehog, however, requires a solid understanding of these unique creatures’ needs to ensure they thrive in their new environment. This hedgehog care sheet provides vital information on proper housing, nutrition, and everyday maintenance tasks that every responsible pet owner should follow. By learning about their diet, temperament, and grooming requirements, you can cultivate a strong bond with your prickly companion while also promoting their overall health and well-being. From selecting an appropriate cage to monitoring temperature and humidity levels, each step in caring for your hedgehog is essential. With the right level of attention and an evidence-based approach, hedgehogs can flourish in a home environment. Our goal is to equip you with the knowledge necessary to make your hedgehog’s life both happy, healthy, and incredibly fulfilling daily.

Have you been considering getting a pet hedgehog? These little guys are super cute, and can actually make great pets! Hedgehogs do have some very specific care requirements, however, so you’ll want to do a bit of research before adopting one of these adorable pets. A Fort Myers, FL vet discusses some basics of good hedgehog care in this article.

Habitat

Your little buddy will need a cage that is at least 2 feet by 4 feet, though bigger is always better. Avoid cages with wire floors, as they can hurt those tiny paws. Once you have the cage picked out, you’ll need to add a suitable substrate. Recycled paper is a good choice. We don’t recommend wood shavings, especially pine or cedar, as these are dangerous to small animals. Your quilled buddy will need food dishes, a water bottle, and at least one hidey-hole. Hedgies also like little pet tents or cozies, which are sort of like tiny sleeping bags. You’ll also need to consider where to put the cage. Avoid direct sunlight or drafts. It’s also important to keep Hedgie in a room where the temperature stays between 72 and 80°F at all times.

Diet

Just like any other animal, hedgehogs need proper nutrition in order to stay happy and healthy. Look for hedgehog food in local pet stores. If you can’t find any, give the little guy dry cat food instead. Pick a brand that offers lots of protein. A chicken or meat formula may be a good choice. You can also give Hedgie canned cat or dog food. In addition to this, you’ll want to offer your little pal some fruits and veggies. A few good examples are corn, apples, peas, and grapes. For a special snack, hedgehog care sheets often suggest mealworms, crickets, doggy treats, or cooked meat or egg.

Fun!

Make sure Hedgie has lots of fun toys to keep him occupied. You can give your hedgehog small stuffed animals, little play cars, mazes and tunnels, or exercise balls. Tip: these little ones seem to like bright colors. It’s worth note that hedgehogs are nocturnal, so don’t be surprised if you get up in the middle of the night and find Hedgie romping around his cage!

Hedgehog Care Sheet 2025: Training, Health & Lifespan

Are hedgehogs legal to own in all states/regions?

Hedgehogs are not universally legal across every state or region. Some areas, like California, Hawaii, Washington D.C., and various municipalities, have laws or regulations that prohibit these spiny companions due to concerns about invasive species risks or health regulations. Prospective owners should verify local codes and guidelines before adopting one. Even in places where they are generally allowed, permits or specific enclosures may be required, so thorough research is advised. Additionally, factors like local climate and veterinary availability may influence hedgehog care. Ensuring compliance with laws and responsible ownership helps maintain a healthy environment for both animal and community.

Can hedgehogs be litter box trained?

Hedgehogs can be trained to use a litter box in many cases, although results may vary by individual. Offering a small pan with a safe, absorbent substrate in a favored corner often helps. Patience, consistency, and gentle reinforcement play a role in establishing the routine. Observe the pet’s preferred bathroom area and place the litter box accordingly. Changing the substrate daily can maintain cleanliness and encourage continued use. While not all hedgehogs take to the box reliably, many show progress with proper setup and regular routines, making cleanup more convenient for both caretaker and companion.

Should female hedgehogs be spayed to prevent health issues?

Female hedgehogs often face reproductive challenges, including uterine or ovarian tumors. Some veterinarians recommend spaying to reduce these risks, especially for pets displaying possible reproductive concerns. However, this surgery involves anesthesia, which can carry risks for small animals. In many situations, spaying is viewed as a preventive measure to safeguard long-term health. A veterinarian with expertise in exotic species should conduct a thorough exam to evaluate overall health and suitability for the procedure. Preventive spaying may provide significant benefits, but each case differs, and professional guidance is needed. Regular checkups remain the best way to monitor and manage potential reproductive problems.

How long do pet hedgehogs typically live?

Pet hedgehogs commonly live between four and six years. A balanced diet, including specialized hedgehog food or high-protein cat food, helps support these animals’ well-being. Fresh water, comfortable sleeping quarters, and a consistent room temperature are also recommended to promote overall health. Regular veterinary visits can detect medical issues early, increasing the chance of a longer lifespan. While these quilled companions are relatively small, their care requirements can be quite detailed. Gentle handling and mental stimulation further enhance quality of life, potentially allowing some hedgehogs to live beyond six years.

What are common illnesses and health concerns for hedgehogs?

Common illnesses in hedgehogs include obesity, especially if fed diets too high in fat or lacking adequate exercise. They can also develop respiratory infections, often triggered by low temperatures or poor ventilation. Skin issues, such as mites or fungal infections, may arise and cause itching or quill loss. Dental disease can occur when diets are high in soft foods, leading to plaque and tartar buildup. Gastrointestinal problems like diarrhea can result from sudden dietary changes or spoiled produce. With proper nutrition, a stable habitat, and veterinary checkups, many of these issues can be avoided.

For more information about hedgehog care, call us, your local Fort Myers, FL vet clinic. We are happy to help!